Study of the major components of Earth's climate system and climate change history. Discussion of 21st century climate change prediction, mitigation and adaptation efforts.
Cross-listed with: GEOL123.
Credit Only Granted for: AOSC123, GEOG123, or GEOL123.
AOSC200 Weather and Climate (3 Credits)
What are weather and climate? Most people think they know but if you ask people to explain the differences and similarities you're bound to get a range of answers. Weather affects not just our daily activities but other important aspects of society such as transportation, commerce, security and agriculture. Most people understand what weather is to some extent. Climate and climate change are concepts that evoke strong emotional responses from people but are less well understood. In this class, students examine fundamental issues such as the greenhouse effect, severe weather, and global weather patterns and how they relate to a changing climate. Instruction in the lectures will provide the basic knowledge needed to understand these issues. In the discussion sections, students will be divided into groups to address the implications of these topics through group projects.
Prerequisite: MATH107, MATH110, or MATH115.
Recommended: Concurrent enrollment in AOSC201.
AOSC201 Weather and Climate Laboratory (1 Credit)
Laboratory exercises to supplement AOSC200, including weather observations, weather map analysis, forecasting practice and climate modeling.
Corequisite: AOSC200.
AOSC247 Scientific Programming: Python (3 Credits)
A comprehensive introduction to scientific computation and visualization techniques with Python applied to data intensive questions in the Natural Sciences. The class emphasizes real-world applications, providing students with essential hands-on experience using Python for data analysis and visualization, developing analytical skills for observational and modeling data, and performing virtual experiments to distinguish data contributing factors. Students will gain an understanding of the scientific data issues including: signal vs noise, trend vs periodicity, mean vs extreme changes, and accuracy vs uncertainty. Students will gain extensive experience using command line linux. Skills including local and remote file transfer and synchronization, file and directory permission, utilities for diagnosing performance issues, and data compression.
Prerequisite: MATH140.
Recommended: Familiarity with basic descriptive statistics.
Credit Only Granted for: AOSC458J or AOSC247.
Formerly: AOSC458J.
AOSC358 Special Topics in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science (1-4 Credits)
Special topics in atmospheric and oceanic science are given intensive study. The topic of concentration varies, from semester to semester and depends on student and faculty interests. Often, specialists from other institutions are invited to the campus on a visiting lectureship basis to conduct the course.
Repeatable to: 12 credits.
AOSC375 Introduction to the Blue Ocean (3 Credits)
The global ocean is a major component of the Earth System that shapes life on earth, including our weather and climate. We explore the observation-based interdisciplinary science of oceanography, identifying its strong connections to related sciences like meteorology, and geography. We apply this developing understanding to environmental issues such as marine pollution, fish and fisheries, as well as to climate variability and to the changes to the marine environment that are resulting from steadily rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gasses. Focusses include the biogeochemical and physical changes we can observe in the nearby Chesapeake Bay and the coastal waters of Eastern Shore, Maryland.
Prerequisite: MATH120 or higher.
Cross-listed with: GEOL375.
Credit Only Granted for: AOSC375 or GEOL375.
AOSC386 Experiential Learning (3-6 Credits)
Experiential learning in atmospheric and oceanic science.
Restriction: Junior standing or higher; and must have a learning proposal approved by the Office of Experiential Learning Programs, faculty sponsor and student's internship sponsor.
AOSC399 Independent Study in Academic Peer Mentoring (1-3 Credits)
Earn academic credit for the time spent supporting an AOSC course in the Academic Peer Mentoring Program (AMP).
Corequisite: TLTC333.
Repeatable to: 6 credits.
AOSC400 Physical Meteorology (3 Credits)
The application of basic classical physics, chemistry and mathematics to the study of the atmosphere. Composition of the atmosphere; energy sources and sinks (radiation in the atmosphere; radiative balance and radiative forcing of atmospheric processes); atmospheric thermodynamics; clouds and precipitation physics; atmospheric electricity and optics; mesoscale processes (e.g., orographic mesoscale phenomena and instabilities); air mass boundaries; severe weather, tropical cyclones; storms; global circulation.
Prerequisite: 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (PHYS171, PHYS161, MATH141); or permission of CMNS-Atmospheric & Oceanic Science department.
AOSC401 Climate Dynamics and Earth System Science (3 Credits)
Introduction of the earth and global climate systems and their major components: atmosphere, land, ocean, biosphere and cryosphere. Key processes governing the function of the earth's climate: Global energy balance and water cycle, climate dynamics (general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean) and climate physics (aerosol, cloud and rain), as well as climate variability and climate changes. Phenomena resulting from this coupled system including El Nino-Southern Oscillation, monsoons, and the hydrological cycle will be discussed, with a focus on how the Earth System responds to global warming.
Prerequisite: AOSC400 or AOSC200; and MATH141; and (PHYS161 or PHYS171). Or permission of instructor.
AOSC420 Physical Oceanography (3 Credits)
Ocean observations. Water masses, sources of deep, intermediate, and surface water. Mass, heat, and salt transport, and the meridional overturning circulation. Geochemical tracers and cycles, including carbon. Western boundary currents, mixed layers, and processes maintaining the thermocline. Coastal and estuarine processes. Surface waves and tides. the ocean's role in climate.
Prerequisite: MATH141 and PHYS141.
Recommended: AOSC200. Also offered as: GEOL670, AOSC670.
Credit Only Granted for: AOSC420, AOSC670, or GEOL670.
AOSC424 Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Ocean (3 Credits)
Many of the properties of the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface are most easily observed from satellite remote sensing. This course will provide students with a hands-on introduction to a variety of passive and active sensing techniques and sensors observing our changing environment. Topics include: orbital dynamics and electromagnetic properties of the atmosphere and surface; atmospheric emission characteristics and scattering; chemical composition and spectroscopy; temperature retrievals; detection and retrieval of aerosol, cloud and rain; ocean surface properties; sea surface temperature and color; active sensing of wind stress, sea level, and internal waves; time-dependent gravity; properties of vegetation and ice.
Prerequisite: 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (PHYS171, PHYS161, MATH141); or permission of instructor.
AOSC431 Atmospheric Thermodynamics (3 Credits)
Classical thermodynamics applied to both the dry and the moist atmosphere. Composition; phase changes of water; stability concepts; Properties of aerosols and clouds, cloud nucleation and precipitation processes, atmospheric electricity, cloud and precipitation chemistry.
Prerequisite: 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (PHYS171, PHYS161, MATH141).
Recommended: MATH246.
AOSC432 Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Ocean (3 Credits)
Equations of motion and their approximation, scale analysis for the atmosphere and the ocean. Conservation properties. Fluid motion in the atmosphere and oceans. Geostrophic/balanced and ageostrphic/unbalanced motion. Circulation, vorticity, and potential vorticity. Introduction to the boundary layer.
Prerequisite: AOSC431.
Corequisite: MATH246.
Credit Only Granted for: AOSC432 or AOSC632.
Formerly: METO432.
AOSC433 Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (3 Credits)
The effects of human activity on atmospheric composition, focused on global warming, the carbon cycle, air pollution, and the ozone layer. Fundamentals of atmosphereic chemistry (spectroscopy, kinetics, isotopic analysis, and biogeochemical cycles) are related to the modern understanding of climate change, air quality, and ozone depletion, based on resources such as satellite missions, field campaigns, and scientific assessments published by international agencies. We also examine how society's energy needs could be met, in the future, in a manner with less impact on atmospheric composition than the present heavy reliance on combusion of fossil fuels.
Prerequisite: CHEM131, CHEM135, or CHEM146. And MATH241; or permission of CMNS-Atmospheric & Oceanic Science department; or permission of CMNS-Chemistry & Biochemistry department. Cross-listed with CHEM433.
Credit Only Granted for: AOSC433, AOSC633, CHEM433, or CHEM633.
Formerly: AOSC434.
AOSC434 Air Pollution and Environmental Justice (3 Credits)
Basic concepts in physics and chemistry of the atmosphere as applied to air pollution and environmental justice. Production, transformation, spatial scales, transport, and removal of air pollutants. The problems of photochemical smog, the greenhouse effect & climate change, stratospheric ozone, visibility. Numerical simulation of air pollution. Health and environmental effects of air pollution in the developed and developing world; why some communities suffer disproportionately
Prerequisite: CHEM131 and MATH241; or permission of instructor.
AOSC436 Principles of Biogeochemistry (3 Credits)
An introduction to the basic principles of biogeochemistry including aspects of organic geochemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, global geochemical cycles, the origin of life and paleoenvironmental evolution.
Prerequisite: MATH120 or MATH140; or must have completed MATH220. And (GEOL100 or GEOL120); and GEOL322. And CHEM131 and CHEM132; or (CHEM135 and CHEM136).
Cross-listed with: GEOL436.
Restriction: Non-degree-seeking students require the permission of the instructor.
Credit Only Granted for: GEOL436 or AOSC436.
AOSC437 Global Climate Change: Past and Present (3 Credits)
Introduction to the processes by which climate varies, the paleoclimate record, and projections of climate change into the 21st century, including discussion of climate sensitivity to external radiative forcing.
Cross-listed with: GEOL437.
Credit Only Granted for: AOSC437 or GEOL437.
AOSC440 Polar Remote Sensing (3 Credits)
The harsh environment of the vast polar regions makes them some of the most inaccessible places on Earth. With widespread environmental change already underway, satellite remote sensing provides the only means by which to obtain year-round observations of the polar climate system. The objective of this course is to provide students with an overview of polar remote sensing techniques, including the physical principles of active and passive sensors, orbits, electromagnetic radiation, atmospheric transmission, calibration and validation. We will focus on measurements of the polar oceans, sea ice, glaciers, ice sheets, snow and permafrost, and examine the response of the cryosphere to climate change.
Prerequisite: PHYS171 or PHYS161; and AOSC401 or GEOG301; or with permission of instructor.
Cross-listed with: GEOG440.
Jointly offered with: AOSC642.
Credit Only Granted for: AOSC440, GEOG440, AOSC642, or GEOG640.
AOSC447 Machine Learning in Earth Science (3 Credits)
A comprehensive introductory course designed to prepare undergraduate and graduate students for applying machine learning techniques to solve real-world problems in Earth science. It emphasizes practical solution implementation, providing students with essential hands-on experience using the most popular open-source analytics tools based on Python, a general-purpose programming language. The course works through all steps in machine learning, from problem specification, data analytics to analytical solution, and applies advanced statistical and analytical algorithms to uncover hidden data relationships and transform them into predictive understanding or decision support. The topics covered include: Python programming, SciPy and Scikit-learn utility, data engineering, visualization, classifiers, regression models, canonical correlation analysis, structural equation models, decision trees, random forests, boosting machines, support vector machines, clustering, dimensionality reduction, principal component analysis, and neural networks.
Prerequisite: Must have completed MATH140.
AOSC458 Advanced Topics in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science (1-4 Credits)
Special topics in atmospheric and oceanic science are given intensive study. The topic of concentration varies, from semester to semester and depends on student and faculty interests. Often, specialists from other institutions are invited to the campus on a visiting lectureship basis to conduct the course.
Repeatable to: 12 credits.
AOSC462 Ecohydrology (3 Credits)
Focuses on the study of hydrologically-controlled ecosystems, e.g. systems in which either excess and/or deficit of water and nutrients are determinants of its structure and function. Such systems have complex dynamic characteristics that depend on many interrelated links between climate, soil and vegetation.
Prerequisite: MATH240, MATH241 and MATH246; or permission of instructor.
Jointly offered with: AOSC662.
Credit Only Granted for: AOSC462 or AOSC662.
AOSC463 Water and Climate Systems (3 Credits)
Focuses on exploring the relationships between water, climate, land, energy, and the economy (the so called "nexus") through an interwoven understanding of the physical, economic, and institutional relationships and constraints that influence management and decision-making process in water supply, energy generation and food production. The course emphasizes the use of integrated assessment (IA) modeling tools as a way to formalize these relationships and explore their implications. Lectures will be complemented with online discussion sessions and applied modeling exercises to get hands-on knowledge of practical solutions to nexus challenges.
Prerequisite: MATH240, MATH241 and MATH246; or permission of instructor.
Jointly offered with: AOSC663.
Credit Only Granted for: AOSC463 or AOSC663.
Additional Information: This course is offered through a joint effort of the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC, part of UMDb Sciences) and the Joint Global Change Research Institute (a collaboration between UMD and the US Dept of Energyb Northwest National Laboratory).
AOSC470 Synoptic Meteorology (3 Credits)
Atmospheric properties and observations, meteorological analysis and charts, operational numerical forecasts. Application of quasigeostrophic theory, baroclinic instability, midlatitiude and mesoscale weather systems. Tropical meteorology. Weather forecasting using numerical and statistical models. Prediction of weather phenomena on the global, syoptic, meso, and local scales. Analysis of surface and upper air data; Norwegian cyclone model; introduction to weather forecasting.
Prerequisite: Minimum grade of C- in AOSC431 and AOSC432.
Credit Only Granted for: AOSC470, AOSC600, or METO600.
AOSC472 Mesoscale Meteorology (3 Credits)
Survey a broad range of mesoscale meteorological features with emphasis on convection and associated phenomena. Define the mesoscale and understand its underlying principles; Introduce non-convective circulations and their importance for weather forecasting; Understand the precursors and occurrence of deep moist convection.
Jointly offered with: AOSC602.
Restriction: Non-degree-seeking students require the permission of the instructor.
Credit Only Granted for: AOSC472 or AOSC602.
AOSC475 Carbon Cycle and Climate: Past, Present, and Future (3 Credits)
The fundamentals of the Earth's carbon cycle, a key biogeochemical cycl that controls Earth's climate and life. The changing characteristics of the carbon cycle on several timescales, ranging from geological, interannual, and the more recent anthropogenic influences on carbon cycle and climate. The carbon cycle in the atmosphere, land, ocean, and the biosphere. The underlying human activities such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation that are responsible for the increase in the atmosphere CO2 and our future options in dealing with the carbon problem such as alternative energy and carbon sequestration.
Jointly offered with: AOSC675.
Credit Only Granted for: AOSC475 or AOSC6 75.
AOSC480 Introduction to Earth System Science (3 Credits)
Focuses on exploring the relationships between the atmosphere, the oceans, water, climate, land, vegetation, energy, and human systems through an interwoven understanding of the physical, biogeochemical and socioeconomic relationships and constraints that influence management and decision-making processes in societal issues such as water supply, power generation, food production, ecosystem services and others. The course introduces integrated assessment (IA) science as a framework to formalize these relationships and explore their implications.
Prerequisite: MATH240, MATH241 and MATH246; or permission of instructor.
Jointly offered with: AOSC680.
Credit Only Granted for: AOSC480 or AOSC680.
Additional Information: This course is offered through a joint effort of the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science (AOSC) and the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC).
AOSC484 Climate System Modeling (3 Credits)
Fundamentals in building computer models to simulate the components of the climate system: atmosphere, ocean ice, land-surface, terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and the biogeochemical cycles embedded in the physical climate system, in particular, the carbon cycle. Simple to state-of-the-art research models to tackle problems such as the Daisy World, El Nino and global warming.
Jointly offered with: AOSC684.
Credit Only Granted for: AOSC484 or AOSC6 84.
AOSC493 Senior Research Project I (3 Credits)
Technical writing and oral presentation skills. Planning, writing, and presenting a plan for research in the geosciences.
Prerequisite: Permission of CMNS-Atmospheric & Oceanic Science department.
Restriction: Must be in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science program; or permission of instructor.
AOSC494 Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Seminar (1 Credit)
Exposure to a wide range of contemporary topics in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate sciences, to foster research interests and promote critical thinking through the weekly AOSC departmental seminar series.
Prerequisite: Minimum grade of C- in AOSC431 and AOSC432.
Restriction: Permission of the Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Department.
AOSC498 Senior Research Project II (3 Credits)
The project will be based on the research or development plan created in AOSC493. It may be completed with the approval of a faculty advisor in conjunction with an internship. Final written thesis and oral defense will be expected.
Prerequisite: AOSC493.
AOSC499 Special Problems in Atmospheric Science (1-3 Credits)
Research or special study in the field of meteorology and the atmospheric and oceanic sciences.
Prerequisite: Permission of CMNS-Atmospheric & Oceanic Science department.
Repeatable to: 6 credits.
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